王际英，李宝山，李华东，陈 玮，王世信，黄炳山，张利民
（山东省海洋水产研究所，山东 烟台 264006）

摘要：分别研究了不同硝化细菌浓度（0、20、60、120 mL/100 L）和不同微生物滤料（珊瑚石、锅炉煤渣、牡蛎壳）对养殖水中氨氮处理效果的影响。结果显示，添加硝化细菌后，水体中的氨氮浓度呈现下降趋势，在8~12 h出现极低值后，开始上升，但上升速度较慢；随着水体中硝化细菌添加量的增加，水体中的氨氮浓度下降速度加快；水体中亚硝酸氮浓度呈现先上升后下降的趋势，并在4~6 h出现极高值，然后迅速下降，且硝化细菌添加量越高，下降速度越快。硝化细菌对以珊瑚石和锅炉煤渣为滤料的养殖水体中氨氮和亚硝酸氮的处理效果显著优于牡蛎壳，但珊瑚石和锅炉煤渣之间无显著差异。综合试验结果，应急水质处理时，硝化细菌菌剂的添加量以一次60 mL/100 L（或以活菌计数为1.2×109个/100 L）、间隔24 h添加1次为宜；经过脱硫筛选之后的锅炉煤渣可以作为循环水养殖用滤料。

关键词：硝化细菌；氨氮；珊瑚石；锅炉煤渣；牡蛎壳；水产养殖

Effect of nitrifying bacterial concentration and substratum on ammonia nitrogen removal in aquaculture water
WANG Ji-ying, LI Bao-shan, LI Hua-dong, CHEN Wei, WANG Shi-xin, HUANG Bing-shan, ZHANG Li-min
( Shandong Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China )

Abstract: The present research was conducted to research the effect of different nitrifying bacteria concentrate (0 mL/100 L, 20 mL/100 L, 60 mL/100 L, 120 mL/100 L) and different microbial substratum (coral stone, boiler cinder, and oyster shell) on ammonia nitrogen removal. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen decreased after adding nitrifying bacteria, and reached the lowest after 8-12 hours, then the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increased slowly. The more nitrifying bacteria added, the faster ammonia nitrogen decreased. The concentration of nitrite nitrogen increased firstly, and got the highest after 4~6 hours, but then decreased rapidly. The more nitrifying bacteria added, the faster nitrite nitrogen decreased. Coral stone and boiler cinder were better than oyster shell as microbial substratum, but there was no significant difference between them. It can be concluded that adding 60 mL/100L or 1.2×109 /100 L nitrifying bacteria every 24 hours can control the water quality, and boiler cinder can be used as a high quality microbial substratum in Recycling Mariculture.
Key words: nitrifying bacteria; ammonia nitrogen; coral stone; boiler cinder; oyster shell; aquaculture

基金项目：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项（20120525）；山东省财政支持农业重大项目（2010-2013）；山东省水生动物营养与饲料泰山学者岗位资金（HYK201004）
作者简介：王际英（1965—），女，研究员，硕士生导师，主要从事水生动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail: ytwjy@126.com
通讯作者：张利民（1956—），男，研究员，硕士生导师，主要从事水生动物营养与饲料研究。E-mail: zhanglimin@126.com

（来源：《渔业现代化》2012,39(3):7-12）